WASHI
Combining the kanji of Wa 和 (Japan) and Shi 紙 (paper), Washi refers to handmade paper which is created utilizing traditional Japanese techniques. Produced using the inner fibers of the Kozo, Gampi, or Mitsumata plants, Washi is a material that is generally characterized by an absorbency and translucence which renders it an excellent material for ink painting, though textural properties vary widely depending on the exact composition and method of production.
HANAKOTOBA
Derived from the kanji of Hana 花 (flower) and Kotoba 言葉 (word), Hanakotoba translates to “Language of Flowers” and refers to the symbolism and deep philosophical meaning in Japanese culture which are attributed to various flowers and plants. Used in visual art, poetry, and botanical gift giving, Hanakotoba serves as a way to subtly and silently communicate depths of emotion.
THE FOUR GENTLEMEN
One of the foundational motifs of Japanese Sumi-e (ink painting), Shikunshi 四君子 (lit. “The Four Gentlemen”) is a set of four botanical subjects that represent the seasons and accompanying noble virtues. These plants are the Ume 梅 (plum), which embodies winter and the virtue of resilience, the Ran 蘭 (orchid) which represents spring and the virtue of humility, the Take 竹 (bamboo), which symbolizes summer and the virtue of integrity, and finally the Kiku 菊 (chrysanthemum) which exemplifies autumn and the virtue of fortitude. Frequently used as subjects for practice by aspiring Sumi-e artists, the ability to paint strokes that display the grace and character of these four botanical figures is considered to be fundamental to mastery of the art.